<p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">本文是拙著《天台方言源流考辨》(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">8</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">万字)之一小节,曾在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">“</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">夜谈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">”</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">里和抗行兄等提及过,现在挂出来,以兹探讨。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 241.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 23.0; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">郑鸣谦</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span lang="EN-US">06</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">年</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">11</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">月</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">28</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">日</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><br/> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">生日</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> <p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; tab-stops: 342.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">……</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 31.5pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; tab-stops: 342.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">天台人以“女客”称呼妻子,世人多有不解。其实,这与古越族“不落夫家”之婚俗有关。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">先秦至秦汉时代,越族王室或贵族已实行一夫一妻制个体婚,和中原地区的商、周人及江汉地区的楚人基本一致。但因社会发展不平衡,在越人中还保留有浓厚的原始婚俗。《史记》载秦始皇二十七年亲巡天下,至浙江会稽,刻石立法曰“夫为寄</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">豭</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">,杀之无罪。”</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">豭</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">是公猪的意思,所谓“夫为寄</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">豭</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">”实际上是指男子“从妻居”、女子“不落夫家”的母系氏族婚俗。这在秦皇看来,越族男子(夫)便如“种猪”(寄</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">豭</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">),如此“非礼”恶习,乃以峻法制之。不过,这种“恶习”并未就此清除。东汉初年,作为越族支脉的骆越人依然“</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">无嫁娶礼法</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">各因淫好,无适对匹,不识父子之性,夫妇之道。”(</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">《后汉书·循吏列传》</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">)</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><br/> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 342.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"> </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Arial; mso-hansi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">从民族学和民俗学的材料得知,在贵州、广西等地聚居的</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">苗、瑶、侗、壮、布依、水及广东海南的黎等少数民族,与天台土著(先是于越、瓯人错居,后演化为山越)一样,都是古越人的后裔。天台土著经过秦汉间三次大规模迁徙及孙吴政权</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "mso-hansi-font-family;"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">多次进剿、招抚,大都融入汉族之中,至唐贞元年间才被彻底同化,</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">但某些语词和习俗仍沿袭至今。<span style="COLOR: red;">譬如“山哈人”一词,即是山越人的自况。</span>“山越,越民依阻山险而居者。”(胡三省)越人原来多在沿海及平原(地)聚居。公元前</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">138</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">年,闽越攻打东瓯,东瓯“</span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "mso-hansi-font-family;"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">举国徙中国,(汉武帝)乃悉众来江淮之间。”这次迁徙的主体是东瓯王室、军队及豪强,其余民众多避居四明、天台、栝苍等山间。不久,汉武帝平定闽越,闽越国民不少避逃山区,与瓯人合流,衍为“山越”。</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "mso-hansi-font-family;"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">畲族是山越后裔,自称“山哈(夏)”,“哈”畲语为客人,山哈即山里客人,大概是越族入山后(山越)的自称,这或许就是天台方言里“山哈人”一词的语源。</span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: "mso-hansi-font-family;"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="Times New Roman"><br/> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 342.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "mso-hansi-font-family;"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "mso-hansi-font-family;"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">这种从近亲种族入手,参证史料文物来推断“先民”模样的逆向比较研究法,实际上是泛演化逻辑的衍绪。我们推测古越人的婚俗也可由此入手。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">属古越人后裔的西南地区诸少数民族,和同古越人有密切历史关系的闽、粤汉人中,原始的婚俗直至近现代,仍有残存。<span style="COLOR: red;">如布依族婚后几天,新娘名正言顺地返回娘家长住,短者三年两载,长者十年八年乃至十几年。其间虽然在农忙时,也偶到夫家一趟,但像作客一样,事毕又返回娘家氏住,直至戴上“假壳”或身怀有孕时,才心安理得地常住夫家。这对女方来说叫“坐家”,而对男方来说,叫做“不落家”。持之,称为“不落夫家”。这种的习俗,在侗、壮、水、苗、瑶和黎等族同样存在,兹不赘言。天台话中的“女客”,或即此类婚俗的产物。</span></span><span style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><br/> <span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; tab-stops: 342.0pt; mso-pagination: widow-orphan;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">……</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-11-29 8:57:04编辑过]
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