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楼主: 郑鸣谦
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[原创]2006年摸书手记

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21#
发表于 2007-1-11 16:03:00 | 只看该作者
<p>“摸书手记”,看了半天都以为是“摸手书记”。</p><p>今年好少买书了,现在一般都借书看了。</p>
22#
发表于 2007-1-11 18:21:00 | 只看该作者
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>小盏</i>在2007-1-11 8:03:00的发言:</b><br/><p>“摸书手记”,看了半天都以为是“摸手书记”。</p><p>今年好少买书了,现在一般都借书看了。</p></div><p>呵呵,偶也是</p><p>原因很多,主要有:</p><p>一,现在的书太贵</p><p>二,相信“书非借不能读也”</p><p>三,浙图的环境蛮好,坐半天打发时间很不错</p><p>……</p>
23#
发表于 2007-1-11 18:44:00 | 只看该作者
<div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>柯梦涵</i>在2007-1-11 10:21:00的发言:</b><br/><div class="quote"><b>以下是引用<i>小盏</i>在2007-1-11 8:03:00的发言:</b><br/><p>“摸书手记”,看了半天都以为是“摸手书记”。</p><p>今年好少买书了,现在一般都借书看了。</p></div><p>呵呵,偶也是</p><p>原因很多,主要有:</p><p>一,现在的书太贵</p><p>二,相信“书非借不能读也”</p><p>三,浙图的环境蛮好,坐半天打发时间很不错</p><p>……</p></div><p></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我现在也很少买书了,主要原因有二:</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 一,买来读过的,基本上是垃圾;</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 二,没读过的,不清楚哪本是好书;</p><p>&nbsp; 如果谁开个书目就好了。</p>
24#
发表于 2007-1-11 19:15:00 | 只看该作者
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25#
发表于 2007-1-11 19:41:00 | 只看该作者
<h1 align="center" style="LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><a name="_Toc114192040"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: red; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">国学入门书要目及其读法</font></span></a></h1><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">梁启超</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">两月前清华周刊记者以此题相属,蹉跎久未报命。<span class="GramE">顷</span>独居翠微山中,行<span class="GramE">箧</span>无一书,而记者督责甚急,乃竭三日之力,专凭忆想所及<span class="GramE">草斯篇,漏略</span>自所不免,且容有并书<span class="GramE">名篇名亦忆错误</span>者,<span class="GramE">他日更</span>当补正也。</font></span></p><p align="right" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: right;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">中华民国十二年四月二十六日启超作于碧摩岩<span class="GramE">翠</span>山房</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">&nbsp;</span></font></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><a name="_Toc114192041"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">(</span></a></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">甲</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">修养应用及思想<span class="GramE">史关系</span>书类</font></span></span></h2><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《论语》《孟子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《论语》为二千来国人思想之总源泉,《孟子》自宋以后势力亦与相<span class="GramE">埒</span>,此二书可谓国人内的外的生活之支配者,故<span class="GramE">吾希望</span>学者熟读成诵,即不能,亦须翻阅多次,<span class="GramE">务</span>略举其辞,或摘记其身心践履之言以资修养。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《论语》、《孟子》之文,并不艰深,宜专读正文,有不解处,方看注释。注释之书,朱熹《四书集注》,为其生平极<span class="GramE">矜</span>慎之作,可读,但其中有随入<span class="GramE">宋儒理障</span>处,宜分别观之。清儒注本,《论语》则有戴望《论语》注,《孟子》则有焦<span class="GramE">循</span>《孟子》正义最善。戴氏服膺颜习斋之学,最重实践,所注似近孔门真际,其训诂亦<span class="GramE">多较朱注为</span>优,其书简洁易读。焦氏<span class="GramE">服膺戴东原</span>之学,其孟子正义在清<span class="GramE">儒诸经新疏</span>中为最佳本,<span class="GramE">但文颇繁</span>,宜备置案头,遇不解时,或有所感时,<span class="GramE">则取供参考</span>。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">戴震《孟子字义疏证》,乃戴氏一家哲学,并非专为注释《孟子》而作,但其书极精辟,学者终需一读,最好是于读《孟子》时并读之,<span class="GramE">既知戴学</span>纲领,亦可以助读《孟子》之兴味。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">焦循《论语通释》,乃摹仿《孟子字义疏证》而作,将全部《论语》拆散,标准重要诸义,如言仁,言忠恕……等,列为若干目,通观而总<span class="GramE">诠</span>之可称治《论语》之一良法且可应用其法以治他书。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">右两书篇页皆甚少,易读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">陈<span class="GramE">沣</span>《东塾读书记》中读《孟子》之卷,取《孟子》学说分项爬疏,最为精切,其书不过二三十页,宜一读以观前辈治学方法,且于修养亦有益。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《易经》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书为孔子以前之哲学书,孔子为之注解,<span class="GramE">虽奥衍难</span>究,然总须一读。<span class="GramE">吾</span>希望学者将《系辞传》、《文言传》熟读成诵,其卦象传六十四条,则用别纸钞出,随时省<span class="GramE">览</span>。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">后世说《易》者言人人殊,为修养有益起见,则程颐之《程氏易传》差可读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">说《易》最近真者,吾独推焦循,其的著《雕菰楼易学》三书</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《易通释》、《易图略》、《易章句》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">皆称精<span class="GramE">诣</span>,学者如欲深通此经,可取读之,否则可以不必。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《礼记》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书战国及西汉之“儒家言”丛编,内中有极精纯者,亦有极破碎者,<span class="GramE">吾希望</span>学者将《中庸》、《大学》、《礼运》、《乐记》四篇熟读成诵,《曲礼》、《王制》、《檀弓》、《礼器》、《学记》、《坊记》、《表记》、《缁衣》、《儒行》、《大傅》、《祭义》、《祭法》、《乡饮酒义》诸篇,多游览数次,且摘录其精要语。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">若欲看注解,可看《十三经注疏》内<span class="GramE">郑注孔疏</span>。《孝经》之性质与《礼记》同,可当《礼记》之一篇读。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《老子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">道家最精要之书,希望学者将此区区五千言熟读成诵。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">未有极当意者,专读白文自行寻索为妙。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《墨子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">孔墨在</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">先秦时,<span class="GramE">两圣并</span>称,故此书非读不可,除《备城门》以下各篇外,余篇皆宜精读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以孙诒让《墨子间诂》为最善,读《墨子》宜照读此本。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《经》上、下,《经说》上、下四篇,有<span class="GramE">张惠言《墨子经说解》</span>及梁启超《墨经》两书可参观,但皆有未精<span class="GramE">惬</span>处,<span class="GramE">《小取》篇有胡</span>适新<span class="GramE">诂</span>可参观。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">梁启超《墨子学案》<span class="GramE">属通释体裁</span>,可参观助兴味,但其书为临时讲义,殊未精审。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《庄子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">内篇七篇</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">及杂篇中之《天下篇》最当精读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释有郭庆藩之《庄子集释》差可。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《荀子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《解蔽》、《正名》、《天论》、《正论》、《性恶》、《礼论》、《乐论》诸篇最当精读,余亦须全部游览。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">王先谦《荀子注》甚善。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《慎文子》《慎子》《公孙龙子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">今存者皆非完书,但三子皆为先秦大哲,虽断简亦宜一读,篇<span class="GramE">帙</span>甚少,不费力也。《分孙龙子》之真伪,尚有问题。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">三书皆无善注,《尹文子》、《慎子》易解。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《韩非子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">法家言之精华,须全部游览</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">其特别应精读之诸篇,因手边无原书,?举恐遗漏,</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">他日补列</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">王先谦《韩非子集释》差可。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《管子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">战国末年人所集著者,<span class="GramE">性质颇杂驳</span>,然古代各家学说存其是者颇多,宜<span class="GramE">一</span>游览。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">戴望《管子校正》甚好。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《吕氏春秋》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此为中国最古之类书,先秦学说<span class="GramE">存其中</span>者颇多,宜游览。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《淮南子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此为秦汉间道家言荟萃之书,宜稍精读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">闻有刘文典《淮南鸿烈集解》颇好。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《春秋繁露》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此为西汉儒家代表的著作,宜稍精读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">有苏<span class="GramE">舆</span>《春秋繁露义证》颇好。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">康有为之《春秋董氏学》,<span class="GramE">为通释体裁</span>,家参看。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《盐铁论》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书为汉代儒家法家对于政治问题对垒抗辩之书,宜游览。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《论衡》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书为汉代怀疑派哲学,宜游览。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《抱朴子》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书为晋以后道家<span class="GramE">言代表</span>作品,宜游览。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《<span class="GramE">列子</span>》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">晋人伪书,可作<span class="GramE">魏晋部玄学</span>书读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">右所列为</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">汉晋以前思想界之重要著作,六朝隋唐间思想界著<span class="GramE">光采</span>者为佛学其书目<span class="GramE">当别述之</span>。以下举宋以后学术之代表书,但为一般学者节<span class="GramE">啬</span>精力计,不愿多举也。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《近思录》朱熹著,江永注</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读此书可见程朱一派之理学,其内容何如。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《朱子所谱·朱子论学要语》王懋竑著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书叙述朱学全面目最精要,有条理。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">若欲研究程朱学派,<span class="GramE">宜读《二程遗书》</span>及《朱子语类》,非<span class="GramE">专门斯业者</span>可置之。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">南宋时与朱学对峙者尚有李东莱之文献学一派,陈龙川、叶水心之功利主义一派,及陆象山之心学一派,欲知其详,<span class="GramE">宜读各人</span>专集;若观大略,可求诸《宋元学案》中。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《传习录》王<span class="GramE">守仁语徐爰</span>、钱洪德等记</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读此可知王学梗概。欲知其详,<span class="GramE">宜读《王文成公全书》</span>。因阳明以知行合一为教,要合观学问事功,方能看出其全部人格,而其事功之经过,具<span class="GramE">见集中</span>各文,故阳明集之重要,过于朱、<span class="GramE">陆诸集</span>。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《明儒学案》黄宗羲著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《宋元学案》黄宗羲初稿,全祖望、王梓材两次续成</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此二书为宋元明三朝理学之总记录,实为创作的学术史。《明儒学案》中姚江、江右、王门、泰州、东林、<span class="GramE">戢山诸</span>案最精善。《宋元学案》中象山案最精善;横渠、二程、东莱、龙川、水心诸案亦好;<span class="GramE">晦翁案</span>不甚好;百源</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">邵雄</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">、<span class="GramE">涑</span>水</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">司马光</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">诸案,失之太繁,反不见其真相;末附荆公</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">王安石</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">新学略最坏,因有门户之见,故为排斥。欲知荆公学术,<span class="GramE">宜看《王临川集》</span>。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此二书卷帙虽繁,<span class="GramE">吾总望学者</span>择要游览,因其为六百年<span class="GramE">间学术</span>之总汇,影响于近代甚深,<span class="GramE">且汇诸家</span>为一编,读之不甚费力也。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">清代学术史,可惜尚无此等佳著。唐鉴之《国朝案小识》,以清代最不振之程朱学派为立脚点,<span class="GramE">偏狭</span>固陋,万不可读;<span class="GramE">江藩之</span>《国朝汉学师承记》、《国朝宋学渊源记》,<span class="GramE">亦学案体裁</span>,较好,但江氏常识亦凡庸,<span class="GramE">殊不能叙</span>出各家独到之处,万不得已,姑以备参考而已。<span class="GramE">启超方有事</span>于《清儒学案》,汗青尚无期也。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《日知录》、《亭林文集》顾炎武著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">顾亭林为清学开山第一人,其精力集注于《日知录》,宜<span class="GramE">一</span>游览。读文集中各信札,可见其立身治学大概。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《明夷待访录》黄宗羲著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">黄梨洲为清初大师之一,其最大贡献在两学案,此小册可见其政治思想之大概。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《思问录》王夫之著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">王船山为清初大师之一,非通观全书,不能见其精深博大,但卷帙太繁,<span class="GramE">非别为</span>系统的整理,<span class="GramE">则学者</span>不能读,聊举此书发凡,实不足以代表其学问之全部也。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《颜氏学记》戴望编</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">颜习斋为清初大师之一,戴氏所编学记,颇能传其真。徐<span class="GramE">世</span>昌之《颜李学》亦可供参考,但其所集《习斋语要》、《恕谷</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">李塨</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">语要》将攻击<span class="GramE">宋儒语多</span>不录,稍失其真。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">顾、黄、王、颜四先生之学术,为学者所必须知,然其著述皆浩博,或散佚,不易寻?,启超行将为系统的整理记述,以饷学者。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《东原集》戴震著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《雕菰楼集》焦循著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">戴东原</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">、焦里堂为清代经师中有清深之哲学思想者,读其集可知其学,并知其治学方法。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">启超所拟著之《清儒学案》,东原、<span class="GramE">里堂学</span>两案,正在属稿中。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《文史通义》章学诚著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书虽以文史标题,实多<span class="GramE">论学术</span>流别,宜一读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">胡适著《章实斋年谱》</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,可供参考。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《大同书》康有为著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">南海先生独创之思想在此书,曾刊于《不忍杂志》中。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《国故论衡》章炳麟著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">可见章太<span class="GramE">炎思想</span>之一斑。其详当读章氏丛书。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《东西文化及其哲学》梁漱<span class="GramE">冥</span>著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">有偏<span class="GramE">宕</span>处,亦有独到处。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《中国哲学史大纲》上卷胡适著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《先秦政治思想史》梁启超著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">将读先秦</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">经部、子部书,宜<span class="GramE">鸹</span>读此两书,可引起兴味,并启发自己之判断力。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《清代学术概论》梁启超著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">欲略知清代学风,<span class="GramE">宜读此书</span>。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><a name="_Toc114192042"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">(</span></a></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">乙</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">政治<span class="GramE">史及其</span>他文献学书类</font></span></span></h2><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《尚书》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">内中<span class="GramE">惟</span>二十八篇是真,<span class="GramE">书宜精读</span>,但其文<span class="GramE">佶</span>屈<span class="GramE">赘</span>牙,不能成诵亦无妨。<span class="GramE">余篇属晋</span>人伪撰,<span class="GramE">一</span>游览便足</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">真伪篇目,<span class="GramE">看启超</span>所著《古书之真伪及其年代》,日内</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">当出版</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书非看注释不能解,<span class="GramE">注释书</span>以孙星衍之《尚书今古文注疏》为最好。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《逸周书》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书真伪参半,宜<span class="GramE">一</span>游览。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书有朱右曾</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《逸周书集训校释》颇好。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《竹书纪年》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书现通行者为元、明人伪撰。其古本,清儒辑出者数家,王国维所辑最善。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《国语》《春秋左氏传》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此两书或本为一书,由西汉人析出,宜合读之。《左传》宜选出若干篇熟读成诵,于学文甚有益。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读《左传》<span class="GramE">宜参观顾</span>栋高《春秋大事表》,可以得治学方法。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《战国策》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">宜选出若干篇熟读,于学文有益。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《周礼》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书<span class="GramE">西汉末晚出</span>,何时代人所撰,尚难断定,惟书中制度,当有一部分为周代之旧,其余亦战国秦汉<span class="GramE">间学者</span>理想的产物,故总宜一读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">注释书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">有孙诒让《周礼正义》最善。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《考信录》崔述著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书考证<span class="GramE">三代史事实</span>最谨严,宜<span class="GramE">一</span>游览,以为治古史这标准。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《资治通鉴》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此为编年政治史最有价值之作品,虽卷帙稍繁,总希望学者能全部精读一过</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">。</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">若苦</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">干燥无味,不妨仿《春秋大事表》之例,自立若干门类,<span class="GramE">标治摘记</span>作将来著述资料</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">吾少时曾用此法,虽无成书,<span class="GramE">然增长</span>兴味不少</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">王船山《读通鉴论》,批评眼光,颇异俗流,读通鉴时取以并读,亦助兴之一法。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《续资治通鉴》毕沅著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书价值远在司马原著之下,自无待言,无视<span class="GramE">彼</span>更优者,姑以备数耳。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">或不读正《资治通鉴》而读《九种纪事本末》,亦可,要之非此则彼,必须有一书经目者。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《文献通考》《续文献通考》《皇朝文献通考》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">三书卷帙浩繁,今为学者摘其要目:《田赋考》、《户口考》、《职役考》、《市籴考》、《征榷考》、《国用考》、《钱币考》、《兵考》、《刑考》、《经籍考》、《四裔考》,必不读;《王礼考》、《封建考》、《象纬考》,绝对不必读;其余或读或不读随人</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">手边无原书,<span class="GramE">不能具记其目</span>,有<span class="GramE">漏略当</span>校补</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">各人宜因其所嗜,<span class="GramE">择类读之</span>。例如欲研究经济史、财政史者,则<span class="GramE">读前七才考</span>。余仿此。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《马氏文献通考》<span class="GramE">本依仿</span>杜氏《通典》而作。<span class="GramE">若尊创作</span>,应《通典》。今舍彼取此者,取其资料较丰富耳。吾辈读旧史,所贵者惟在原料炉锤组织,当求之在我也。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《两汉会要》、《唐会要》、《五代会要》,可与《通考》合读。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《通志二十略》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">郑渔仲</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">史识、史才皆迈寻常。《通志》全书卷帙繁,不必读,二十略则其精神所聚,必须游览,其中与《通考》门类同者或可省。最要者,《氏族略》、《六书略》、《七音略》、《校雠略》等篇。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《二十四史》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《通鉴》、《通考》,已<span class="GramE">浩</span>无涯<span class="GramE">涘</span>更<span class="GramE">语及彪大之</span>《二十四史》,学者几何不望而却走?然而《二十四史》终不可不读,其故有二:</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">一</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">现在既无满意之通史,不读《二十四史》,无以知先民活动之遗迹;</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">二</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">假令虽有佳的通史出现,然其书自有别裁。《二十四史》之原料,终不能全行收入,以故《二十四史》终久仍为国民应读之书。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">书既应读,而又浩瀚难读,则如之何,<span class="GramE">吾今试为学者拟摘读之</span>法数条。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">其书皆大史学家一手著连,体例精严,且时代近古,向来学人诵习者众在学界之势力与六经诸子<span class="GramE">埒</span>,<span class="GramE">吾辈为</span>常识计,非一读不可。吾<span class="GramE">常希望</span>学者将此四史之列传,全体游览一过<span class="GramE">,仍摘出</span>若干篇稍为熟读,以资学文之助,因四史中佳<span class="GramE">文最多</span>也(<span class="GramE">若欲吾举</span>其目亦可,但手边无原书,当以异日)。四史之外,则《明史》共认为官修书中之最佳者,且时代最近,亦宜稍为详读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">二曰就事分类而<span class="GramE">摘读志</span>。例如欲研究经济史、财政史,则读《平准书》、《食货志》;欲研究音乐,则读《乐书》、《乐志》;欲研究兵制,则读《兵志》;欲研究学术史,则读《艺文志》、《经籍志》,附以《儒林传》;欲研究宗教史,则读《北魏书·释老志》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">可惜他史无之</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。每研究一门,则通各史此门之志而读之,且与《文献通考》之此门合读。当其读时,<span class="GramE">必往往</span>发现许多资料散见于各传者,随即跟踪调查其传以读之,如此引申触类,渐渐便能成为经济史、宗教史……等等之长编,将来荟萃而整理之,便成著述矣。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">三曰就人分类而<span class="GramE">摘读传</span>。读名人传记,最能激发人志气且,于应事接物之智慧,增长不少,古人所以贵读史者以此。全史<span class="GramE">各传既不能</span>遍读</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">且亦不必</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,则宜<span class="GramE">择伟大</span>人物之传读之,<span class="GramE">每史亦</span>不过二三十篇耳。此外又可就其所欲研究者而择读,如欲研究学术史,则读《儒林传》及其他学者之专传;欲研究文学史,则读《文苑传》及其他文学家之专传。用此法读去,恐之患其少,不患其多矣。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">又各史之《外国传》、《蛮夷传》、《土司传》等,包含种族史及社会学之原料最多,极有趣,吾深望学者一读之。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《廿二史札记》赵翼著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">学者读正史</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">之前,<span class="GramE">吾劝其一</span>游览此书。记称“属辞比事《春秋》之教”,此书深进“比事”之决,每一个题目之下,其资料皆从几十篇传中,零零碎碎觅出,如采花成蜜。学者能用其法以读史,便可养成</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">著术能力</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">内中校勘文学异同之部约占三分<span class="GramE">一</span>,不读亦可</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《圣武记》魏源著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《国朝先正事略》李</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">元度著</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">清朝一代史迹,至今尚无一完书可读,最为遗憾,姑举此二书充数。<span class="GramE">魏默深有</span>良史之才,《圣武记》为纪事本末体裁,叙述绥服蒙古、勘定金川、抚循西藏……诸役,于一事之原因结果及其中间进行之次序,若指诸掌,实罕见之名著也。<span class="GramE">李次青之</span>《先正事略》,道光以前人物略具,文亦有法度,宜<span class="GramE">一</span>游览,以<span class="GramE">知最近</span>二三百年史迹大概。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">日本人稻叶君山所著《清朝全史》</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">尚可读</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">有译本</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《读史方舆纪要》顾祖禹著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此为最有组织的地理书,其特长在专论形势,<span class="GramE">以地哉为</span>经,以史迹为纬,读之不感干燥。此书卷帙虽多,专读其叙论</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">至各府止</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,亦不甚费力,且可引起地理学兴味。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《史通》刘知几著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书论作史方法,颇多<span class="GramE">特</span>识,宜游览。章氏《文史通义》,性质略同,范围较广,已见前。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《中国历史研究法》梁启超著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读之可增史<span class="GramE">不</span>兴味,且知治史方法。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">&nbsp;</span></font></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><a name="_Toc114192043"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">(</span></a></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">丙</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">韵文书类</font></span></span></h2><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《诗经》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">希望学者能全部熟读成诵,即<span class="GramE">不</span>尔,亦须一大部分能其词。注释书,陈<span class="GramE">奂</span>《诗毛氏传疏》最善。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《楚辞》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">屈、宋作宜熟读,能成诵最佳,其余可不读。注释书,朱熹《楚辞集注》较可。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《文选》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">择读。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《乐府诗集》郭茂倩编</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">专<span class="GramE">读其中</span>不知作者姓名之汉古辞,以见魏六朝乐府风格,其他不必读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">魏晋六朝人<span class="GramE">诗宜读以下</span>各家:</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">曹子建阮嗣宗陶渊明谢康乐鲍明远谢玄晖</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">无单行集者,可用张淳《汉魏百三家集本》,或王闓运《五代诗选本》。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《李太白集》《杜工部集》《王右丞集》《孟襄阳集》《韦苏州集》《高常侍集》《韩昌黎集》《柳河东集》《白香山集》《李义山集》《王临川集》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">诗宜用李璧注本</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《苏东坡集》《元遗山集》《陆放翁集》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以上唐宋人诗文集</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《唐百家诗选》王安石选</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《宋<span class="GramE">诗钞</span>》吕留良</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">钞</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以上唐宋诗选本</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《清真词》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">周美成</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《醉翁琴趣》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">欧阳修</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《东坡乐府》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">苏轼</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《屯田集》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">柳永</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《淮海词》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">秦观</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《樵歌》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">朱敦儒</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《稼轩词》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">辛弃疾</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《后村词》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">刘克庄</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《石道人歌曲》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">姜</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">夔</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《碧山词》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">王沂孙</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《梦窗词》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">吴文英</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以上宋</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">人词集</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《西厢记》《琵琶记》《牡丹亭》《桃花扇》《长生殿》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以上元</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">明清人曲本</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">本门所列书,<span class="GramE">专资学者</span>课余讽诵,<span class="GramE">陶写情趣</span>之用既非为文学专家说法,<span class="GramE">尢</span>非为治文学史者说法,故<span class="GramE">不曰文学</span>类,而曰文类。文学范围,最少应包含古文</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">骈</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">散文</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">及小说。<span class="GramE">吾</span>以为苟非欲<span class="GramE">作文学</span>专家,则无专读小说这必要;至于古文,本不必别学,吾辈总须读周秦诸子、《左传》、《国策》、四史、《通鉴》及其关于思想、关于记载之著作,苟能多读,自能属文,何必格外标举一种,名曰古文耶?故专<span class="GramE">以文鸣之</span>文集不复录</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">其余学问有关系之文集,散见各门</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。《文选》及韩、柳、王集<span class="GramE">聊附见耳</span>。学者如必欲就文求文,无已,则姚鼐之《古文辞类纂》、李兆洛之《骈体文钞》、曾国藩之《经史百家杂钞》可用也。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">清人不以韵文见长,故除曲本数部外,其余诗词皆不复列举,无已,则于最初期与最末期各举诗词家一人:吴伟业之《梅村诗集》与黄尊宪之《人境庐诗集》、成德之《饮水词》与文焯之《樵风乐府》也。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">&nbsp;</span></font></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><a name="_Toc114192044"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">(</span></a></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">丁</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">小学书及文法类书</font></span></span></h2><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《说文解字注》段玉裁著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《说文通训定声》</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">朱骏声著</font></span></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《说文释例》王筠著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">段著为</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《说文》正著,朱注明音与义之关系,王著为《说文》通释,读此三书,略可通《说文》矣。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《经传释词》王引之著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《古书疑义举例》俞樾著</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《文通》马建忠著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读此三书,可知古人语法文法。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《经籍纂诂》阮元著</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书汇集各字之义训,宜置备检查。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">文字音韵,为清儒最擅之学,<span class="GramE">佳书林立</span>,此仅举入门最要之数种,若非有志研究斯学者,并此诸书不读亦无妨也。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><a name="_Toc114192045"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">(</span></a></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">戊</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="5"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">随意涉览书类</font></span></span></h2><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">学问固贵专精</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,又须博览以辅之。<span class="GramE">况</span>学者读书尚少时,不甚自知其性所近者为何。随意涉览,初时并无目的,不期而引起问题,发生兴趣,从此向某方面深造研究,遂<span class="GramE">成绝业</span>者,往往而有也。吾<span class="GramE">固杂举</span>有用或有趣之各书,<span class="GramE">供学者</span>自由翻阅之娱乐。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读此者不必<span class="GramE">顺叶次</span>,亦不必求终卷者</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">各书亦随忆想所及杂举,无复诠次</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《四库全书总目提要》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">清乾隆间四库馆,董其事者皆一时大学者,故所作提要,最称精审,读之可略见各书内容</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">中多偏<span class="GramE">至语自亦</span>不能免</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。宜先读各部类之叙录,其各书条下则随意抽<span class="GramE">阅</span>。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">有所谓存目者,其书被屏,不收入四库者也,内中颇有怪书,宜稍注意读之。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《世说新语》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">将晋人<span class="GramE">谈玄语分类</span>纂录,语多<span class="GramE">隽</span>妙,课余暑假之良伴侣。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《水经注》郦道元撰,戴震校</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">六朝人地理专书,但多描风景,记古迹,<span class="GramE">文辞华</span>妙,学作小品文最适用。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《文心雕龙》刘勰</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">撰</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">六朝人论文书,<span class="GramE">论多精到</span>,文亦雅丽。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《大唐三藏慈恩法师传》</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">慧立撰</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此为玄奘法师详传。<span class="GramE">玄藏为</span>第一位留学生,为大思想家,读之可以<span class="GramE">增第志气</span>。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《徐霞客游记》</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">霞客晚明人</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,<span class="GramE">实一大</span>探险家,其书极有趣。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《梦溪笔谈》沈</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">括</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">宋人笔记中含有科学思想者。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《困学纪闻》王应麟撰,阎若<span class="GramE">璩</span>注</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">宋人始为考证学者,顾亭林<span class="GramE">《日知录》颇仿其体</span>。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《通艺录》程瑶田撰</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">清代<span class="GramE">考证家</span>之博物书。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《癸巳类稿》俞正燮</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">撰</font></span></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">多为经学以外之考证,如考棉花来历,考妇人缠足历史,<span class="GramE">辑李易</span>安事迹等;又多新颖之论,如<span class="GramE">论妒非妇人</span>恶德等。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《东塾读书记》陈<span class="GramE">沣</span>撰</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此书仅五册,十余年乃成,盖合数十条笔记之长编,乃成一条笔记之定稿,用力最为精苦,读之可识搜集资料,及驾驭资料之方法。书中《论郑学》、《论朱学》、《论诸子》、<span class="GramE">《论三国》诸卷最善</span>。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《庸盦笔记》薛福成</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">多记清咸丰、同治间掌故。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《张太岳集》张居正</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">江陵为明名相,其信札益人神智,文章亦美。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《王心斋先生全书》王艮</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">吾常名心</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">斋为平民的理学家,其人有生气。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《朱舜水遗集》朱之瑜</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">舜水为日本文化之开辟人,惟一之国学输出者,读之可见其人格。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《李恕谷文集》李塨</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">恕谷为</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">习斋门下健将,其文劲达。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《鲒琦亭集》全祖望</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">集中记晚明</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">掌故甚多。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《潜研堂集》钱大昕</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">竹<span class="GramE">汀</span>在<span class="GramE">清儒中最</span>博洽者,其对伦理问题,亦颇有新论。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《述学》汪中</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">容甫为治诸子学之先登者,其文格在汉晋间,极<span class="GramE">遒</span>美。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《洪北江集》洪亮吉</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">北江之学,长于地理,其小品骈体文,描写景物,美不可言。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《定盦文集》龚自珍</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">吾</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">少时心醉此集,<span class="GramE">今颇厌</span>之。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《曾文正公全集》曾国藩</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《胡文忠公集》胡林翼</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">右二集信札最可读,读之见其治事条理及朋友风义。曾涤生文章尤美。桐城派之大成。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《苕溪渔隐丛话》胡仔</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">丛话中资料颇丰富。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《词苑丛谈》徐钪</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">?</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">惟一之词话,颇有趣。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《语石》叶昌炽</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以科学<span class="GramE">方法治</span>金石学,极有价值。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《书林清话》叶德辉</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">论列书</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">源流及藏书掌故,甚好。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《广艺舟双辑》康有为</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">论写定字,极精博,文章极美。</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《剧说》焦循</font></span></p><p align="center" style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《宋元戏曲史》王国维</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">二书论戏剧,极好。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">即谓之涉览,自然无书不可涉,无书不可<span class="GramE">览</span>,本不能<span class="GramE">胪</span>举书目,若举之非累数十纸不可。右所列不伦不类之寥寥十余种,随杂忆所及当坐谭耳,若绳经义例,则<span class="GramE">笑绝冠</span>缨矣。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><a name="_Toc114192046"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">附录一、最低限度之必读书目</font></span></a></h2><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">右所列五项,倘能依法读之,则国学根<span class="GramE">柢</span>略立,可以为将来大成之基矣。<span class="GramE">惟</span>青年学生<span class="GramE">校课既繁</span>,所<span class="GramE">治专门</span>别有在,<span class="GramE">恐仍不能</span>人人按表而读。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">&nbsp;</span></font></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><a name="_Toc114192047"><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">今再为拟</font></span></a><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">一</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">真正之最低限度如下:</font></span></span></h2><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《四书》、《易经》、《书经》、《诗经》、《礼记》、《左传》、《老子》、《墨子》、《庄子》、《荀子》、《韩非子》、《战国策》、《史记》、《汉书》、《后汉书》、《三国志》、《资治通鉴》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">或《通鉴纪事本末》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">、《宋元明史纪事本末》、《楚辞》、《文选》、《李太白集》、《杜工部集》、《韩昌黎集》、《柳河东集》、《白香山集》。其他<span class="GramE">词曲集随所</span>好选读数种。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">以上各书,无论学矿、学工程报……皆须一读,若并此未读,真不能认为中国学人矣。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><a name="_Toc114192048"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400; COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">附录二、治国学杂话</font></span></a></h2><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">学生做课外学问是最必要的,若只求讲堂上功课及格,便算完事,那么,你进学校,只是求文凭,并不是求学问,你的人格,先已不可问了。再者,此类人一定没有“自发”的能力,不特不能成为一个学者,亦断不能成为社会上治事领袖人才。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">课外学问,自然<span class="GramE">不</span>专指读书,如试验,如观察自然界……都是极好的,但读课外书,至少要算课外学问的主要部分。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">一个人总要养成读书兴味。打算做专门学者,固然要如此,打算做事业家,也要如此。因为我们在工厂里、在公司里、在议院里……做完一天的工作出来之后,随时立刻可以得着愉快的伴侣,莫过于书籍,莫便于书籍。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">但是将来这种愉快得着得不着,大概是在学校时代已经决定,因为必须养成读书习惯,才能尝着读书趣味。人生一世的习惯,出了学校门限,已经铁铸成了,所以在学校中,不读课外书,以养成自己自动的读书习惯,这个人,简直是自己剥夺自己终身的幸福。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读书自然不限于读中国书,但中国人对于中国书,至少也刻和外国书作平等待遇。你这样待遇他,给回你的愉快报酬,最少也和读外国书所得的有同等分量。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">中国书没有整理过,十分难读,这是人人公认的,但会做学问的人,觉得趣味就在这一点。吃现成饭,是最没有意思的事,是最没有出息的人才喜欢的。一个问题,被别人做完了四平八正的编成教科书样子给我读,读去自然是毫不费力,但是从这不费力上头结果,便令我的心思不细致不刻入。专门喜欢读这类收的人,久而久之,会把自己创作的才能<span class="GramE">汨</span>没哩。在纽约、芝加哥笔直的马路崭新的洋房里舒舒服服混一<span class="GramE">世</span>,这个人一定是过的毫无意味的平庸生活。若要过有意味的生活,须是哥伦布初到美洲时时。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">中国学问界,是千年未开的矿穴,矿苗异常丰富,但非我们亲自<span class="GramE">绞</span>脑筋<span class="GramE">绞</span>汗水,却开不出来。翻过来看,只要你绞一分脑筋一分汗水,当然还你一分成绩,所以有趣。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">所谓中国学问界的矿苗,当然<span class="GramE">不</span>专指书籍,自然界和社论实况,都是极重要的,但书籍为保存过去原料之一种宝库,且可为现在各实测方面之引线,就这点看来,我们对于书籍之浩瀚,应刻欢喜谢他,不应刻厌恶他。因为我们的事业比方要开工厂,原料的供给,自然是越<span class="GramE">丰富越</span>好。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">读中国书,自然像披沙拣金,沙多金少,但我们若把他作原料看待,有时寻常人认为极无用的书籍和语句,也许有大功用。须知工厂种类多着呢,一个厂里头得有许多副产物哩,何止金有用,沙也有用。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">若<span class="GramE">问读书</span>方法,我想向诸君上一个条陈。这方法是极陈旧的,<span class="GramE">极笨极</span>麻烦的,然而实在是极必要的。什么方法呢?<span class="GramE">是钞录</span>或笔记。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">我们读一部名著,看见他征引那么繁博,分析那么细密,动辄伸着舌头说道:“这个人不知有多大记忆力,记得许多东西,这是他的特别天才,我们不能学步了。”其实那里有这回事。好记性的人不见得便有智慧,有智慧的人比较的倒是记性不甚好。你所看见者是他发表出来的成果,不知他这成果原是从铢积寸累困知<span class="GramE">勉</span>行得来。大抵凡一个大学者平日用功总是有无数小册子或单纸片,读书看见一段资料觉其有用者</font><span class="GramE"><font size="4">即刻钞下</font></span></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">短的钞全文,长的摘要记书名卷数页数</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。资料渐渐积得丰富,再用眼光来整理分析他,便成为一篇名著。想看这种痕迹,读赵<span class="GramE">瓯</span>北的《二十二史札记》、陈兰甫的《东塾读书记》最容易看出来。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">这种工作笨是笨极了,<span class="GramE">苦是</span>苦极了,但真正做学问的人总离不了这条路。做动植物的人懒得采集标本,说他会有新发明,天下怕没有这种便宜事。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">发明的最初动机在注意,<span class="GramE">钞书便是</span>促<span class="GramE">醒注意</span>及继续保存注意的最好方法。当读一书时,忽然感觉这一段资料可注意,把<span class="GramE">他钞下</span>,这件资料自然有一微微的印象印入脑中,和滑<span class="GramE">眼看过</span>不同。经过这一番后,过些时碰着第二个资料和这个有关系的,又把<span class="GramE">他钞下</span>。<span class="GramE">那注意</span>便加浓一度。经过几次之后,每翻一书,遇有这项资料,便活跳在纸上,不必劳神费力去找了。这是我多年经验得来的实况。<span class="GramE">诸君试拿一年</span>工夫去试试,当知我不说谎。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">先辈每教人不可轻言著述,因为未成熟的见解公布出来,会自误误人,这原是不错的,但青年学生“斐然当述作之誉”,也是实际上鞭策学问的一种妙用。譬如同是读《文献通考》的《钱币考》,各史《食货志》中钱币项下各文,泛泛读去,没有什么所得,倘若你一面读一面便打主意做一篇中国货币沿革考,<span class="GramE">这篇考做的好不好另一</span>问题,你所读的自然加几倍受用。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">譬如同读一部《荀子》,某甲泛泛读去,某乙一面读一面<span class="GramE">打主意做部《荀子学案》</span>,读过之后,两个人的印象<span class="GramE">深汪浅</span>,自然不同。所以我很奖励青年好著书的习惯,至于所著的书,拿<span class="GramE">不</span>拿给人看,什么时候才认成功,这还不是你的自由吗?</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">每日所读之书,最好分两类,一类是精熟的,一类是涉览的。因为我们一面要养成读书心细的习惯,一面要养成读书眼快的习惯。心<span class="GramE">不</span>细则毫无所得,等于白读;眼不快<span class="GramE">则时候</span>不够用,不能博搜资料。诸经、诸子、四史、通鉴等书,宜入精读之部,每日指定某时刻读他,读时一字不放过,读完一部<span class="GramE">才读别部</span>,<span class="GramE">想钞录</span>的随读随钞;另外指出<span class="GramE">一</span>时刻,随意涉览,觉得有趣,注意细看,觉得无趣,便翻次页,遇有<span class="GramE">想钞录</span>的,也<span class="GramE">俟</span>读完再钞,当时勿<span class="GramE">窒</span>其机。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">诸君勿因初读中国书,<span class="GramE">勤劳大</span>而结果少,便生退悔。因为我们读书,并不是想专向现时所读这一本书里讨现钱现货的,得多少报酬,最要紧的是涵养成好读书的习惯,和<span class="GramE">磨炼</span>出好记忆的脑力。青年期所读各书,不外借来做达这两个目的的梯子。我所说的前提倘若不错,则读外国书和读中国书当然都各有益处。外国名著,组织得好,易引起兴味,他的研究方法,整整齐齐摆出来,可以做我们模范,这是好处;我们<span class="GramE">滑眼读</span>去,容易变成享<span class="GramE">现成福</span>的少爷们,不知甘苦来历,这是坏处。中国书未经整理,一读便是一个闷头棍,每每打断兴味,这是坏处;逼着你披荆斩棘,寻路来走,或者走许多冤枉路</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">只要走路断无冤枉,走错了回头,便是绝好教训</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,从甘苦阅历中<span class="GramE">磨炼</span>出智慧,得苦尽甘来的趣味,那智慧和趣味都最真切,这是好处。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">还有一件,我在前项书目表中有好几处写“希望熟读成诵”字样,我想诸君或者以为甚难,也许反对说我顽旧,但我有我的意思。我并不是奖劝人勉强记忆,我所希望熟读成诵的有两种类:<span class="GramE">一</span>种类是是最有价值的文学作品,<span class="GramE">一</span>种类是有益身心的格言。<span class="GramE">好文学</span>是涵养情趣的工具,做一个民族的分子,总<span class="GramE">须对于</span>本民族的<span class="GramE">好文学</span>十分领略,能熟读成诵,才在我们的“下意识”里头,得着根<span class="GramE">柢</span>,不知不觉会“发酵”。有益身心的圣哲格言,一部分久已在我们全社会上形成共同意识,我既做这社会的分子,总要彻底了解他,才不至和共同意识生隔阂,一方面我们应事接物时候,常常仗他给我们的光明,要<span class="GramE">平日摩得熟</span>,临时才得着用,我所以有些<span class="GramE">书希望</span>熟读成诵者在此,但亦不过一种格外希望而已,并<span class="GramE">不谓非</span>如此不可。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">最后我还专向清华同学<span class="GramE">诸君说</span>几句话,我希望诸君对于国学的修养,比旁的学校学生格外加功。诸君受社会恩惠,是比别人独优的,<span class="GramE">诸群君</span>将来在全社会上一定占势力,是眼看得见的。诸君回国之后,对于中国文化有无贡献,便是诸君功罪的标准。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">任你学成一位天字第一号形神毕肖的美国学者,<span class="GramE">只怕于</span>中国文化没有多少影响。若这样便有影响,我们把美国蓝眼睛的大博士抬一百几十位来便够了,又何必诸君呢?诸君须要牢牢记着你不是美国学生,是中国留学生。如何才配叫做中国留学生,请你自己打主意罢。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.05pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">&nbsp;</font></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 13pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><a name="_Toc114192049"><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">附录三、</font></span></a><span class="GramE"><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">评胡适</font></span></span><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">之的“一个最低限度的国学书目”</font></span></span></h2><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">胡君这书目,我是不赞成的,因为他文不对题。胡君说:“并不为国学有根<span class="GramE">柢</span>的人着想,只为普通青年人想得一点系统的国学知识的人设想。”依我看,这个书目,为“国学已略有根<span class="GramE">柢</span>而知识绝无系统”的人说法,或者还有一部分适用。我想,《清华周刊》诸君,所想请教胡君的并不在此,乃是替那些“除欲读商务印书馆教科书之外没有读过一部中国书”的青年们打算。若<span class="GramE">我所猜不错</span>,那么,胡君答案,相隔太远了。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">胡君致误之由,第一在不顾客观的事实,专凭自己主观为立脚点。胡君正在做《中国哲学史》、《中国文学史》,这个书目正是表示他自己思想的路径,和所凭的资料</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">对不对又另是一问题,现在且不讨论</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。殊不知一般青年,并不是人人都要做哲学史家、文学史家。不是做哲学史家、文学史家,这里头的<span class="GramE">书什有</span>七八可以不读。真要做哲学史、文学史家,这些书却又不够了。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">胡君第二点误处,在把应读书和应备书混为一谈,结果不是个人读书最低限度,却是私人及公共机关小图书馆之最低限度</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">但也不对,只好说是哲学史、文学史家私人小图书馆之最低限度</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。殊不知青年学生</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">尤其清华</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,正苦于跑进图书馆里头不知读什么书才好,不知如何读法,你给他一张图书馆书目,有何用处?何况私人购书,谈何容易?这张书目,如何能人<span class="GramE">人</span>购置?结果还不是一句废话吗?</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">我最诧异的:胡君为什么把<span class="GramE">史部书</span>一概屏绝?一张书目名字叫做“国学最低限度”,里头有什么《三侠五义》、《九命奇冤》,却没有《史记》、《汉书》、《资治通鉴》,岂非笑话?若说《史》、《汉》、《通鉴》是要“为国学有根<span class="GramE">柢</span>的人设想”才列举,恐无此理。若说不读《三侠五义》、《九命奇冤》,便够不上国学最低限度,不瞒胡君说,艾区区小子便是没有读过这两部书的人。我虽自知学问浅陋,说我连国学最低限度都没有,我却不服。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">平心而论,做文学史</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">尤其做白话文学史</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">的人,这些书<span class="GramE">自然访该读</span>,但胡君如何能因为自己爱做文学史,便<span class="GramE">强一般</span>青年跟着你走?譬如某人喜欢金石学,尽可将金石类书列出一张系统的研究书目;某人喜欢地理学,尽可以将地理类书列出一张系统的研究书目,虽然只是为本行人说法,不能应用于一般。依我看,胡君所列各书,大半和《金石萃编》、《?斋集古录》、《殷墟书契考释》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">金石类书</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,《水道提纲》、《朔方备乘》、《元史释文证补》</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">地理类书</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">等等同一性质,虽不是不应读之书,却断不是人人必应读之书。胡君复《清华周刊》信说:“我的意思是要一班留学生,知道《元曲选》等,是应该知道的书。”依着这句话,留学生最少也该知道《殷墟书契考释》、《朔方备乘》……是应该知道的书。那么将一部《四库全书总目》搬字过纸,更列举后出书千数百种便了,何必更开最低限度书目?须知“知道”是一件事,“必读”又别是一件事。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">我的主张,很是平淡无奇。我认定<span class="GramE">史部书</span>为国学最主要部分,除先秦几部经书几部子书之外,最要紧的便是读正史、通鉴、宋元明纪事本末和九通中一部分,以及关系史学之笔记文集等,算是国学常识,凡属中国读书人都要读的。有了这种常识之人不自满足,想进一步做专门学者时,你若想做哲学史家、文学史家,你就请教胡君这张书目;你若想<span class="GramE">做别</span>一项专门家,还有许多门我也可以勉强照胡君样子,替你另开一张书目哩。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">胡君对于自己所好的两门学问,研究甚深,<span class="GramE">别择力甚</span>锐,以为一般青年也该如此,不必再为别择,所以把许多书目胪列出来了。试想一百多册的《正谊堂全集》千篇一律的“理气性命”,<span class="GramE">叫青年</span>何从读起?何止《正谊堂》,即以浙刻《二十二子》论,告诉青年说这书该读,他又何从读起?至于其文学史之部,所列《全上古三代秦汉三国六朝文》、《全汉三国晋南北朝诗》、《古文苑》、《续古文苑》、《唐文粹》、《全唐诗》、《宋文鉴》、《南宋文范》、《南宋文录》、《宋<span class="GramE">诗钞</span>》、《宋六十家词》、《四印斋宋元词》、《疆村所刻词》、《元曲选百种》、《金文最》、《元文类》、《明文类》、《列朝诗集》、《明诗综》、《六十种曲》等书,我大略估计,恐怕总数在一千册以上,叫人从何读起?青年学生因我们是为“老马识途”,虚心请教,最少也应告诉他一个先后次序,例如唐诗该先读某家,后读某家,不能说你去读全唐诗便了。宋词该先读某家,后读某家,不能说请你把王<span class="GramE">幼霞朱古微</span>所刻的都读。若说你全部读过后<span class="GramE">自会别择</span>,诚然不错,只怕他索性不读了。何况青年若有这许多精力日力来读胡君指定的一千多册文学书,何如用来读二十四史、九通呢?</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">还有一层,胡君忘却学生<span class="GramE">若没最普通</span>的国学常识时,有许多书是不能读的。试问连《史记》没有读过的人,读崔适《史记探源》,懂他说的什么?连《尚书》、《史决》、《礼记》、《国语》没有读过的人,读崔述《考信录》,懂他说的什么?连《史记·儒林传》、《汉书·艺文志》没有读过的人,读康有为《新学伪经考》,懂他说的什么?这不过随手举几个例,其他可以类推。假如有一位学生</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">假定还是专门研究思想史的学生</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">,敬谨遵依胡君之教,顺着他所列<span class="GramE">书目读</span>去,他的书明明没有《尚书》、《史记》、《汉书》这几部书,你想这位学生,读到崔述、康有为、崔适的著述时,该怎么样<span class="GramE">狈</span>狼呢?</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">胡君之意,或者以这位学生早已读过《尚书》、《史记》、《汉书》为前提,以为这样普通书,你当然读过,何必我说?那么,《四书》更普通,何以又列入呢?总而言之,《尚书》、《史记》、《汉书》、《资治通鉴》为国学最低限度不必要之书,《正谊堂全集》、《缀白裘》、《儿女英雄传》,反是必要之书,真不能不算石破天荒的怪论</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">思想史之部,连《易经》也没有,什么原故,我也要求胡君答复</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">总而言之,胡君这篇书目,从一方面看,嫌<span class="GramE">他墨漏</span>太多,<span class="GramE">从别方面</span>看,嫌他博而<span class="GramE">寡</span>要,我认为是<span class="GramE">不</span>可用的。</font></span></p><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">&nbsp;</span></font></p><h2 style="MARGIN: 12pt 48pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: 400;"><a name="_Toc114192050"><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">附</font></span></a><span style="COLOR: blue; LINE-HEIGHT: 171%; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="5">梁先生致清华周刊记者书</font></span></span></h2><p style="MARGIN: 5pt 30pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 200%;"><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">《清华周刊》记者足下:国学入门书要目及其读法<span class="GramE">一</span>施展呈上,<span class="GramE">别属开留美</span>应带书目,颇难著笔。各书内容,拙著中<span class="GramE">已简单</span>论及,诸君一读后,可择所好<span class="GramE">者购携</span>。大学<span class="GramE">普通重要</span>诸书,各校图书馆多有,自不必带,所带者总是为自己随时讽诵或用功时任意批注而设。<span class="GramE">试择其</span>最普通者:《四书集注》,石印《正续文献通考》,相台本《五经单注》,石印《文选》,石印浙刻《二十二子》,《李太白集》,《墨子间诂》,《杜工部集》,《荀子集解》,《白香山集》,铅印《四史》,《柳柳州集》,铅印《正续资治通鉴》,《东坡诗集》。若欲带选本,诗则《古诗源》,《唐诗别裁》,勉强可用。欲带选本词,则张<span class="GramE">皋</span>文词选,周止庵《宋四家词选》,谭中修《箧中词》,勉强可用</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">(</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">此<span class="GramE">五书原目</span>皆未列</font></span><font face="华文中宋" size="4"><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: black;">)</span></font><span style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 华文中宋;"><font size="4">。其余涉览书类,择所喜者带数种亦可。因此等<span class="GramE">书外国</span>图书馆或无有也。</font></span></p>
26#
发表于 2007-1-12 06:59:00 | 只看该作者
楼上这个书单子太牛,够偶读上半辈子了。
27#
发表于 2007-1-12 07:11:00 | 只看该作者
<p>粉汗滴 </p><p>除了《瑞丽》、《时尚》和季老的书读过那么几页外, 其它一概······</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
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