乌门楼许

闲云散人

<p>俺给加点文字:</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乌门楼许位于中山西路</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">118</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">号，又名“乌门楼”，始建于南宋嘉定年间（</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1217</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">年），为天台许氏世代聚居之处。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">许氏族人本居于山东济州，其远祖许仁曾在北宋末年任监察御史，靖康之变后随朝廷南渡，官至临安府尹。后因抗金大将李纲被谗，许仁上表为其力辩，辞官隐居在风景秀丽的天台。从此，许氏一族便世代居于天台。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">据《天台坡街许氏志》记载，乌门楼是一位名叫许容的人为其父许元泰所建。关于“乌门楼”这个名字的由来，还有一个有趣的故事。据说许容官至国子直讲，皇帝下诏嘉奖，“赠父如其官，建坊墓前”。而在坊建成之时，“祥云垂覆，草木皆闻异香，有群乌千余集于坊上，三日不散，人皆诧曰‘此讲书公父子忠教所召也’，因号为乌门楼”（《许氏志》载）。从此，“乌门楼许”便作为忠孝的象征，成为坡街许氏的别称。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">几百年来，许家世代书香，人才辈出。在明末至清初这段时间内，曾有五世连续为官。至今许家嫡系子孙仍保藏着一张被视为许家传家之宝的《五世图》。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乌门楼许所处之地原名坡山，为一平缓土坡，明朝嘉靖年间抵抗倭寇取坡山之土筑城，此山几乎被铲平，后坡山仅留其名。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乌门楼许规模较大，正入口朝西，临中山西路，住宅左右各有小巷一条，以往这两条小巷与中山西路相接处用栅栏封住</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不让外人进入。而入门后，各进可以由这两条小巷独立出入，类似于“避弄”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">从中山西路进入正门，道路呈折线形，用两面照壁将大门与道路错开，使大门避免正对中山西路。其中一面照壁已不存，现仅存正对街道的另一面照壁。照壁上书有“福”字及建楼年份，四角饰有蝙蝠花纹。基部有石刻浮雕三幅，为飞鹤及鲤鱼跃波图，虽因年代久远而有磨损，但仍可看出当年雕刻之精美。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">正门内为天井，左右为轿厅，轿厅后为一砖砌门楼，上书“乌门楼许”四个大字。经过门楼天井后为过厅，面阔三间，进深六间，为喜庆典礼之用，厅有三道门，前二后一，但现均已拆去。据许家人士介绍，过厅曾做过当铺之用。过厅高约<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="7" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="3" tcsc="1"></chmetcnv>七米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>，柱子有显著侧脚，且全为梭柱，屋架为彻上明造，没有使用叉手、托脚及侏儒柱，而且使用了月梁。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">过厅后是院子，院中铺有卵石，卵石铺成蝙蝠、梅花鹿和寿桃之形，意寓为“福禄寿”三全。院子西南角原有一口井，现已填平。院中设有石砌排水沟，可避免院中积水。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">院子两侧为厢房，共有两层，有腰檐平座。厢房面阔三间，进深五间，二层吊有天花。厢房有前廊。厢房为日常生活起居之处，现有多户人家入住。厢房后有小天井，小天井后为低矮的披屋，亦称下房，现已无人居住。披屋外便是避弄。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">隔了院子与过厅在同一轴线上的是正厅，高约<chmetcnv wst="on" unitname="米" sourcevalue="7" hasspace="False" negative="False" numbertype="3" tcsc="1"></chmetcnv>七米<chmetcnv></chmetcnv>，面阔三间，</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">进深六间。正厅亦彻上明造，与过厅、厢房一样俱为穿斗式。共有三道门，现存两道。正厅出去为后花园，花园不大，现已废置且毁损严重。余下的二道砖砌拱券门雕花精美，门上分别题有“醉花”、“陪月”。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">乌门楼的墙壁多样。内墙多用编条夹泥墙，在柱子与穿枋之间以竹条编成墙体，两面涂泥，再外施粉刷。而外墙为了防雨，则在窗榻板下用厚约五厘米的石板为墙，榻板上方则用砖墙，再外施粉刷。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">院子两侧厢房的廊柱，柱础为一般的素面鼓形，无基座。而正厅的前金柱的柱础有雕花，饰有带卷涡纹的花朵。柱础底部还有作兽爪状的基座。而正厅与厢房的交接处的柱础规格介于两者之间，虽是鼓形素面柱础，却有基座。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">院中住家的家具陈设颇为古典，其中一些家具为清代或民国打造，制作精细，有的还嵌以螺钿，外观较华丽繁琐。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ----摘自《历史文化名城天台》</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span></p><p></p>

[此贴子已经被作者于2006-9-11 9:51:24编辑过]

闲云散人

<p></p><p></p><p>kerry_y mm的片片专业得很，俺红着脸凑几张非专业的。乌门楼许的细部构件同样精湛。</p><p>花窗：</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>柱础：</p><p></p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>砖雕：</p><p><br/></p>

闲云散人

有关乌门楼许的，翻上来，透透气。